C#. No2 - Operators, Types, and Variables

/resource from http://www.csharp-station.com/

The Boolean Type

using System;

class Booleans
{
public static void Main()
{
bool content = true;
bool noContent = false;

Console.WriteLine("It is {0} that C# Station provides C# programming language content.", content);
Console.WriteLine("The statement above is not {0}.", noContent);
}
}

Integral Types

Type	Size (in bits)	precision	Range
float	32	7 digits	1.5 x 10-45 to 3.4 x 1038
double	64	15-16 digits	5.0 x 10-324 to 1.7 x 10308
decimal	128	28-29 decimal places	1.0 x 10-28 to 7.9 x 10

Floating Point and Decimal Types

Type	Size (in bits)	Range
sbyte	8	-128 to 127
byte	8	0 to 255
short	16	-32768 to 32767
ushort	16	0 to 65535
int	32	-2147483648 to 2147483647
uint	32	0 to 4294967295
long	64	-9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807
ulong	64	0 to 18446744073709551615
char	16	0 to 65535

The String Type
A string is a string of text characters. You typically create a string with a string literal, enclosed in quotes: "This is an example of a string." You've seen strings being used since Lesson 1, where we used the Console.WriteLine method to send output to the console.

Some characters aren't printable, but you still need to use them in strings. Therefore, C# has a special syntax where characters can be escaped to represent non-printable characters. For example, it is common to use newlines in text, which is represented by the '\n' char. The backslash, '\', represents the escape. When preceded by the escape character, the 'n' is no longer interpreted as an alphabetical character, but now represents a newline.

You may be now wondering how you could represent a backslash character in your code. We have to escape that too by typing two backslashes, as in '\\'. table 2-3 shows a list of common escape sequences.

Escape Sequence	Meaning
\'	Single Quote
\"	Double Quote
\\	Backslash
\0	Null, not the same as the C# null value
\a	Bell
\b	Backspace
\f	form Feed
\n	Newline
\r	Carriage Return
\t	Horizontal Tab
\v	Vertical Tab

C# Operators

Category (by precedence)	Operator(s)	Associativity
Primary	(x) x.y f(x) a[x] x++ x-- new typeof sizeof checked unchecked	left
Unary	+ - ! ~ ++x --x (T)x	left
Multiplicative	* / %	left
Additive	+ -	left
Shift	<< >>	left
Relational	< > <= >= is	left
Equality	== !=	right
Logical AND	&	left
Logical XOR	^	left
Logical OR	|	left
Conditional AND	&&	left
Conditional OR	||	left
Ternary	?:	right
Assignment	= *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |=	right

Unary Operators: Unary.cs

using System;
class Unary
{
public static void Main()
{
int unary = 0;
int preIncrement;
int preDecrement;
int postIncrement;
int postdecrement;
int positive;
int negative;
sbyte bitNot;
bool logNot;

preIncrement = ++unary;
Console.WriteLine("pre-Increment: {0}", preIncrement);

preDecrement = --unary;
Console.WriteLine("pre-Decrement: {0}", preDecrement);

postdecrement = unary--;
Console.WriteLine("Post-Decrement: {0}", postdecrement);

postIncrement = unary++;
Console.WriteLine("Post-Increment: {0}", postIncrement);

Console.WriteLine("Final Value of Unary: {0}", unary);

positive = -postIncrement;
Console.WriteLine("Positive: {0}", positive);

negative = +postIncrement;
Console.WriteLine("Negative: {0}", negative);

bitNot = 0;
bitNot = (sbyte)(~bitNot);
Console.WriteLine("Bitwise Not: {0}", bitNot);

logNot = false;
logNot = !logNot;
Console.WriteLine("Logical Not: {0}", logNot);
}
}

OUTPUT

pre-Increment: 1
pre-Decrement 0
Post-Decrement: 0
Post-Increment: -1
Final Value of Unary: 0
Positive: 1
Negative: -1
Bitwise Not: -1
Logical Not: true

Binary Operators: Binary.cs

using System;
class Binary
{
public static void Main()
{
int x, y, result;
float floatresult;

x = 7;
y = 5;

result = x+y;
Console.WriteLine("x+y: {0}", result);

result = x-y;
Console.WriteLine("x-y: {0}", result);

result = x*y;
Console.WriteLine("x*y: {0}", result);

result = x/y;
Console.WriteLine("x/y: {0}", result);

floatresult = (float)x/(float)y;
Console.WriteLine("x/y: {0}", floatresult);

result = x%y;
Console.WriteLine("x%y: {0}", result);

result += x;
Console.WriteLine("result+=x: {0}", result);
}
}

OUTPUT

 x+y: 12
  x-y: 2
  x*y: 35
  x/y: 1
  x/y: 1.4
  x%y: 2
  result+=x: 9

The Array Type
Another data type is the Array, which can be thought of as a container that has a list of storage locations for a specified type. When declaring an Array, specify the type, name, dimensions, and size.

Array Operations: Array.cs

using System;
class Array
{
public static void Main()
{
int[] myInts = { 5, 10, 15 };
bool[][] myBools = new bool[2][];
myBools[0] = new bool[2];
myBools[1] = new bool[1];
double[,] myDoubles = new double[2, 2];
string[] myStrings = new string[3];

Console.WriteLine("myInts[0]: {0}, myInts[1]: {1}, myInts[2]: {2}", myInts[0], myInts[1], myInts[2]);

myBools[0][0] = true;
myBools[0][1] = false;
myBools[1][0] = true;
Console.WriteLine("myBools[0][0]: {0}, myBools[1][0]: {1}", myBools[0][0], myBools[1][0]);

myDoubles[0, 0] = 3.147;
myDoubles[0, 1] = 7.157;
myDoubles[1, 1] = 2.117;
myDoubles[1, 0] = 56.00138917;
Console.WriteLine("myDoubles[0, 0]: {0}, myDoubles[1, 0]: {1}", myDoubles[0, 0], myDoubles[1, 0]);

myStrings[0] = "Joe";
myStrings[1] = "Matt";
myStrings[2] = "Robert";
Console.WriteLine("myStrings[0]: {0}, myStrings[1]: {1}, myStrings[2]: {2}", myStrings[0], myStrings[1], myStrings[2]);

}
}

OUTPUT

    myInts[0]: 5, myInts[1]: 10, myInts[2]: 15
 myBools[0][0]: true, myBools[1][0]: true
 myDoubles[0, 0]: 3.147, myDoubles[1, 0]: 56.00138917
 myStrings[0]: Joe, myStrings[1]: Matt, myStrings[2]: Robert